Indices by location

Indices by location-

South Korea 

The Ministry of Environment of South Korea utilizes the Comprehensive Air-quality Index (CAI) to depict the encompassing air quality in light of the wellbeing dangers of air contamination. The file expects to help general society effectively comprehend the air quality and ensure individuals' wellbeing. The CAI is on a scale from 0 to 500, which is separated into six classifications. The higher the CAI esteem, the more noteworthy the level of air contamination. Of estimations of the five air poisons, the most elevated is the CAI esteem. The file likewise has related wellbeing impacts and a shading portrayal of the classes as indicated below.[28] 

CAI Description Health Implications 

0– 50 Good A level that won't affect patients experiencing sicknesses identified with air contamination. 

51– 100 Moderate A level that may meagerly affect patients if there should be an occurrence of perpetual presentation. 

101– 150 Unhealthy for delicate groups A level that may impactsly affect patients and individuals from touchy gatherings. 

151– 250 Unhealthy A level that may impactsly affect patients and individuals from touchy gatherings (youngsters, matured or powerless individuals), and furthermore cause the overall population offensive emotions. 

251– 350 Very unhealthy A level that may seriously affect patients and individuals from touchy gatherings if there should be an occurrence of intense presentation. 

351-500 Hazardous A level that may seriously affect patients and individuals from delicate gatherings if there should arise an occurrence of intense presentation. 

The N Seoul Tower on Namsan Mountain in focal Seoul, South Korea, is enlightened in blue, from nightfall to 23:00 and 22:00 in winter, on days where the air quality in Seoul is 45 or less. Amid the spring of 2012, the Tower was lit up for 52 days, which is four days more than in 2011.[29] 

Joined Kingdom 

The most generally utilized air quality list in the UK is the Daily Air Quality Index prescribed by the Committee on Medical Effects of Air Pollutants (COMEAP).[30] This record has ten focuses, which are additionally gathered into 4 groups: low, direct, high and high. Every one of the groups accompanies guidance for in danger gatherings and the general population.[31] 

Air contamination banding Value Health messages for in danger individuals Health messages for General populace 

Low 1– 3 Enjoy your standard open air activities. Enjoy your typical outside exercises. 

Moderate 4– 6 Adults and youngsters with lung issues, and grown-ups with heart issues, who encounter side effects, ought to think about lessening strenuous physical action, especially outdoors. Enjoy your standard outside exercises. 

High 7– 9 Adults and kids with lung issues, and grown-ups with heart issues, ought to lessen strenuous physical effort, especially outside, and especially on the off chance that they encounter manifestations. Individuals with asthma may discover they have to utilize their reliever inhaler all the more frequently. More seasoned individuals ought to likewise decrease physical exertion. Anyone encountering uneasiness, for example, sore eyes, hack or sore throat ought to think about diminishing action, especially outside. 

Exceptionally High 10 Adults and kids with lung issues, grown-ups with heart issues, and more established individuals, ought to stay away from strenuous physical action. Individuals with asthma may discover they have to utilize their reliever inhaler more often. Reduce physical effort, especially outside, particularly in the event that you encounter side effects, for example, hack or sore throat. 

The record depends on the convergences of 5 poisons. The file is figured from the convergences of the accompanying toxins: Ozone, Nitrogen Dioxide, Sulfur Dioxide, PM2.5 (particles with a streamlined distance across under 2.5 μm) and PM10. The breakpoints between file esteems are characterized for every poison independently and the general record is characterized as the greatest estimation of the file. Distinctive averaging periods are utilized for various pollutants.[31] 

Index Ozone, Running 8 hourly mean (μg/m3) Nitrogen Dioxide, Hourly mean (μg/m3) Sulphur Dioxide, 15 minute mean (μg/m3) PM2.5 Particles, 24 hour mean (μg/m3) PM10 Particles, 24 hour mean (μg/m3) 

1 0– 33 0– 67 0– 88 0– 11 0– 16 

2 34– 66 68– 134 89– 177 12– 23 17– 33 

3 67– 100 135– 200 178– 266 24– 35 34– 50 

4 101– 120 201– 267 267– 354 36– 41 51– 58 

5 121– 140 268– 334 355– 443 42– 47 59– 66 

6 141– 160 335– 400 444– 532 48– 53 67– 75 

7 161– 187 401– 467 533– 710 54– 58 76– 83 

8 188-213 468– 534 711– 887 59– 64 84– 91 

9 214– 240 535– 600 888– 1064 65– 70 92– 100 

10 ≥ 241 ≥ 601 ≥ 1065 ≥ 71 ≥ 101 

Europe 

The Common Air Quality Index (CAQI)[32] is an air quality file utilized in Europe since 2006.[33] In November 2017, the European Environment Agency reported the European Air Quality Index (EAQI) and began empowering its utilization on sites and for different methods for illuminating the general population about air quality.[34] 

CAQI 

Starting at 2012, the EU-upheld venture CiteairII contended that the CAQI had been assessed on a "vast set" of information, and portrayed the CAQI's inspiration and definition. CiteairII expressed that having an air quality list that would be anything but difficult to present to the overall population was a noteworthy inspiration, leaving aside the more unpredictable inquiry of a wellbeing based record, which would require, for instance, impacts of joined levels of various toxins. The fundamental point of the CAQI was to have a file that would empower wide examination over the EU, without supplanting nearby files. CiteairII expressed that the "fundamental objective of the CAQI isn't to caution individuals for conceivable unfriendly wellbeing impacts of poor air quality yet to draw in their consideration regarding urban air contamination and its principle source (movement) and help them diminish their exposure."[33] 

The CAQI is a number on a scale from 1 to 100, where a low esteem implies great air quality and a high esteem implies terrible air quality. The list is characterized in both hourly and every day variants, and independently close streets (a "roadside" or "activity" record) or far from streets (a "foundation" file). Starting at 2012, the CAQI had two obligatory segments for the roadside record, NO2 and PM10, and three required parts for the foundation list, NO2, PM10 and O3. It likewise included discretionary toxins PM2.5, CO and SO2. A "sub-file" is figured for every one of the compulsory (and discretionary if accessible) segments. The CAQI is characterized as the sub-file that speaks to the most exceedingly terrible quality among those components.[33] 

A portion of the key contamination densities in μg/m3 for the hourly foundation record, the comparing sub-files, and five CAQI ranges and verbal depictions are as follows.[33] 

Subjective name Index or sub-index Pollutant (hourly) thickness in μg/m3 

NO2 PM10 O3 PM2.5(optional) 

Exceptionally low 0– 25 0– 50 0– 25 0– 60 0– 15 

Low 25– 50 50– 100 25– 50 60– 120 15– 30 

Medium 50– 75 100– 200 50– 90 120– 180 30– 55 

High 75– 100 200– 400 90– 180 180– 240 55– 110 

Exceptionally high >100 >400 >180 >240 >110 

Oftentimes refreshed CAQI esteems and maps are appeared on the www.airqualitynow.eu and other websites.[32] A different Year Average Common Air Quality Index (YACAQI) is likewise characterized, in which distinctive contamination sub-files are independently standardized to an esteem regularly close solidarity. For instance, the yearly midpoints of NO2, PM10 and PM2.5 are separated by 40 μg/m^3, 40 μg/m^3 and 20 μg/m^3, individually. The general foundation or movement YACAQI for a city is the math mean of a characterized subset of these sub-indices.[33] 

Joined States 

PM2.5 24-Hour AQI Loop, Courtesy US EPA 

The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has built up an Air Quality Index that is utilized to report air quality. This AQI is partitioned into six classes showing expanding levels of wellbeing concern. An AQI esteem more than 300 speaks to risky air quality and beneath 50 the air quality is good.[10] 

Air Quality Index (AQI) Values Levels of Health Concern Colors 

0 to 50 Good Green 

51 to 100 Moderate Yellow 

101 to 150 Unhealthy for Sensitive Groups Orange 

151 to 200 Unhealthy Red 

201 to 300 Very Unhealthy Purple 

301 to 500 Hazardous Maroon 

The AQI depends on the five "criteria" toxins managed under the Clean Air Act: ground-level ozone, particulate issue, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen dioxide. The EPA has set up National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) for every one of these toxins keeping in mind the end goal to ensure general wellbeing. An AQI estimation of 100 by and large relates to the level of the NAAQS for the pollutant.[10] The Clean Air Act (USA) (1990) expects EPA to audit its National Ambient Air Quality Standards at regular intervals to reflect developing wellbeing impacts data. The Air Quality Index is balanced occasionally to mirror these progressions. 

Figuring the AQI 

The air quality file is a piecewise direct capacity of the contamination fixation. At the limit between AQI classifications, there is a spasmodic hop of one AQI unit. To change over from focus to AQI this condition is used:[35] 

{\displaystyle I={\frac {I_{high}-I_{low}}{C_{high}-C_{low}}}(C-C_{low})+I_{low}} I={\frac {I_{high}-I_{low}}{C_{high}-C_{low}}}(C-C_{low})+I_{low} 

where: 

{\displaystyle I} I = the (Air Quality) file, 

{\displaystyle C} C = the contamination fixation, 

{\displaystyle C_{low}} C_{low}= the fixation breakpoint that is ≤ {\displaystyle C} C, 

{\displaystyle C_{high}} C_{high}= the fixation breakpoint that is ≥ {\displaystyle C} C, 

{\displaystyle I_{low}} I_{low}= the file breakpoint relating to {\displaystyle C_{low}} C_{low}, 

{\displaystyle I_{high}} I_{high}= the file breakpoint relating to {\displaystyle C_{high}} C_{high}. 

EPA's table of breakpoints is:[36][37][38] 

O3 (ppb) O3 (ppb) PM2.5 (µg/m3) PM10 (µg/m3) CO (ppm) SO2 (ppb) NO2 (ppb) AQI AQI 

Clow - Chigh (avg) Clow - Chigh (avg) Clow-Chigh (avg) Clow - Chigh (avg) Clow - Chigh (avg) Clow - Chigh (avg) Clow - Chigh (avg) Ilow - Ihigh Category 

0-54 (8-hr) - 0.0-12.0 (24-hr) 0-54 (24-hr) 0.0-4.4 (8-hr) 0-35 (1-hr) 0-53 (1-hr) 0-50 Good 

55-70 (8-hr) - 12.1-35.4 (24-hr) 55-154 (24-hr) 4.5-9.4 (8-hr) 36-75 (1-hr) 54-100 (1-hr) 51-1