Carbon dioxide (chemical formula CO2) may be a colorless gas with a density regarding hr beyond that of dry air. dioxide consists of a atom covalently double secured to 2 chemical element atoms. It happensnaturally in Earth's atmosphere as a trace gas. the present concentration is regarding zero.04% (410 ppm) by volume, having up from pre-industrial levels of 280 ppm. Natural sources embrace volcanoes, hot springs and geysers, and it's free of carbonate rocks by dissolution in water and acids. as a result of dioxide is soluble in water, it happens naturally in groundwater, rivers and lakes, ice caps, glaciers and saltwater. it'sgift in deposits of crude oil and gas. dioxide is scentless at ordinarily encountered concentrations, however, at high concentrations, it's a pointy and acidic odor.[1]
As the supply of obtainable carbon within the carbon cycle, part dioxide is that the primary carbon supplyfor keeps on Earth and its concentration in Earth's pre-industrial atmosphere since late within thePrecambrian has been regulated by photosynthetic organisms and geologic phenomena. Plants, protoctistand eubacteria use light-weight energy to photosynthesize macromolecule from dioxide and water, with chemical element created as a waste material.[6]
CO2 is created by all aerobic organisms once they metabolise carbohydrates and lipids to supply energy by respiration.[7] it's came back to water via the gills of fish and to the air via the lungs of bodily function land animals, together with humans. dioxide is created throughout the processes of decay of organic materials and also the fermentation of sugars in bread, brewage and wine creating. it's created by combustion of wood and alternative organic materials and fossil fuels like coal, peat, crude oil and gas. it's associate degree unwanted byproduct in several giant scale reaction processes, for instance, within the production of carboxylic acid (over five million tons/year).

It is a flexible industrial material, used, for instance, as associate degree noble gas in fastening and hearthextinguishers, as a pressurizing gas in air guns and oil recovery, as a chemical feedstock and as a critical fluid solvent in decaffeination of coffee[12] and critical drying. it's additional to water and effervescentbeverages together with brewage and wine to feature effervescence. The frozen solid sort of greenhouse emission, referred to as solid is employed as a refrigerant associate degreed as an abrasive in dry-ice blasting.


Carbon dioxide is that the most important lasting greenhouse emission in Earth's atmosphere. Since the economic Revolution evolution emissions – primarily from use of fossil fuels and deforestation – have chop-chop augmented its concentration within the atmosphere, resulting in warming. dioxide additionallycauses ocean natural action as a result of it dissolves in water to create acid.